Many were ashamed to acknowledge their Native American ancestry. A decade ago, the tribe - formally the Santa Ynez Band of Mission Indians - had been largely assimilated into the local Latino community.

Gambling proceeds pay for free medical care at a modern Chumash clinic and subsidize private schooling, tutors and college tuition.Īnd a people who had been relegated to the margins of history are reclaiming their identity. “We’re not standing in line anymore to get cheese,” says Julio Carrillo, 60, a member of the tribe. Women who once wore hand-me-downs and turquoise beads wear precious jewels and have cosmetic surgery. Members who once subsisted on rice and beans enjoy gourmet meals and expensive bottles of champagne at their own upscale restaurant, the Willows. So many tribal members own vacation property in the Sierra Nevada that they jokingly call the area “Chumash North.” They play golf at country clubs and vacation in Paris, Madrid and Maui.

Now, they hire day laborers to tend their own sprawling estates. In the decades before gambling, many Chumash Indians toiled as ranch hands, truckers, maids and farmworkers.

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